{"id":468,"date":"2025-06-05T10:40:48","date_gmt":"2025-06-05T08:40:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/recette.sfmds-sommeil.org\/?p=468"},"modified":"2026-01-09T15:54:16","modified_gmt":"2026-01-09T14:54:16","slug":"interview-du-docteur-xuan-lan-nguyen-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sfmds-sommeil.org\/?p=468","title":{"rendered":"Interview du Docteur Xu\u00e2n-Lan Nguyen"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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10 octobre 2017<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Interview du Docteur Xu\u00e2n-Lan Nguyen\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t< Retour aux interviews<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Cliquez ici<\/a><\/span> pour voir la vid\u00e9o<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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L\u2019obstruction des voies respiratoires pendant la nuit est souvent li\u00e9e \u00e0 un surpoids de l\u2019enfant, avec hypertrophie des amygdales.<\/p>

Un enfant qui ronfle a-t-il un syndrome d\u2019apn\u00e9es obstructives du sommeil<\/a><\/span> de l\u2019enfant (SAOS)? Parfois, mais pas toujours. G\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, ce sont les parents qui pensent en premier au diagnostic de SAOS lorsqu\u2019ils en ont entendu parler ou sont eux-m\u00eames concern\u00e9s.<\/p>

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\u00abMartin respire mal la nuit! \u00c7a perturbe son sommeil et le matin il est \u00e9puis\u00e9\u00bb, explique Ma\u00eetre Dodo, alias le Dr Madiha Ellaffi dans un livre pour enfant sur le SAOS (Un sommeil de marmotte, \u00e9dition Un Autre Reg\u2019Art). C\u2019est l\u00e0 tout l\u2019enjeu du SAOS de l\u2019enfant.<\/p>

Comme chez l\u2019adulte, il s\u2019agit d\u2019anomalies respiratoires au cours du sommeil qui ne sont pas d\u00e9nu\u00e9es de cons\u00e9quences sur la sant\u00e9. \u00abLes ronflements et les pauses respiratoires sont \u00e9vocateurs car c\u2019est avant tout une pathologie respiratoire\u00bb, soulignait d\u2019embl\u00e9e le Pr Xu\u00e2n-Lan Nguy\u00ean de l\u2019unit\u00e9 de somnologie et fonction respiratoire, \u00e0 l\u2019h\u00f4pital Saint-Antoine (Paris), lors de la journ\u00e9e scientifique la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise de M\u00e9decine Dentaire du Sommeil aux \u00abJourn\u00e9es pratiques respiration sommeil\u00bb, le 5 octobre \u00e0 Bordeaux.<\/p>

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Pour comprendre la respiration au cours du sommeil, il faut observer le plus gros des 15 muscles qui forment la langue, le g\u00e9nio-glosse. Ce muscle tire la langue vers l\u2019avant et le bas, ce qui est fort utile pour \u00e9viter que la langue bascule en arri\u00e8re dans la gorge! D\u2019autre part ce muscle maintient la dilatation du pharynx (au fond de la gorge) et donc le passage de l\u2019air. C\u2019est lui qui repr\u00e9sente la principale force d\u2019ouverture du pharynx.<\/p>

Malheureusement pendant le sommeil, le tonus de ce muscle diminue, et davantage encore pendant les phases de sommeil paradoxal (phases de r\u00eave). Ce qui n\u2019est pas forc\u00e9ment g\u00eanant quand, en face, les forces de fermeture du pharynx ne sont pas trop puissantes. Mais ce qui pose un probl\u00e8me, dans l\u2019apn\u00e9e du sommeil de l\u2019enfant, c\u2019est qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019affaiblissement des forces d\u2019ouverture du pharynx, vient s\u2019ajouter un renforcement des forces de fermeture: l\u2019hypertrophie des amygdales et des v\u00e9g\u00e9tations. Autrement dit, le gonflement exag\u00e9r\u00e9 de ces glandes situ\u00e9es au fond de la gorge qui forment comme des rideaux, en principe ouvert, de chaque c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la sc\u00e8ne qu\u2019est l\u2019arri\u00e8re de la langue.<\/p>

\u00abL\u2019ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 de l\u2019enfant est un facteur pr\u00e9disposant majeur du SAOS, explique le Pr Nguy\u00ean, mais l\u2019hypertrophie des amygdales et des v\u00e9g\u00e9tations est possible \u00e0 tout \u00e2ge m\u00eame sans ob\u00e9sit\u00e9\u00bb. C\u2019est d\u2019ailleurs ce qui explique que la base du traitement du SAOS de l\u2019enfant, en particulier avant 5 ans, repose sur l\u2019ad\u00e9no-amygdalectomie<\/a><\/span> (on enl\u00e8ve chirurgicalement les amygdales et les v\u00e9g\u00e9tations).<\/p>

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Et aussi pourquoi il faut rester prudent avec les r\u00e9sultats des \u00e9tudes qui ne tiennent pas compte du poids de l\u2019enfant. Dans certaines anomalies du d\u00e9veloppement le risque de SAOS est aussi augment\u00e9. L\u2019institut J\u00e9r\u00f4me Lejeune et l\u2019h\u00f4pital Necker Enfants Malades viennent d\u2019ailleurs de lancer un programme de recherche clinique RESPIRE21, sur le SAOS dans la trisomie 21, car 30 \u00e0 50 % des jeunes enfants porteurs de trisomie seraient atteints.<\/p>

Comment faire la diff\u00e9rence entre un enfant ronfleur simple et un enfant ronfleur apn\u00e9ique? \u00abL\u2019examen de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence est la polysomnographie, ou enregistrement simultan\u00e9 du sommeil et de la respiration, explique le Pr Nguy\u00ean, cela permet aussi de d\u00e9terminer la s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 du SAOS.\u00bb Un examen qui sera prescrit par un sp\u00e9cialiste.<\/p>

On consid\u00e8re que lorsque l\u2019enfant fait plus de 5 \u00e9pisodes d\u2019apn\u00e9e ou d\u2019hypopn\u00e9e par heure, il y a des cons\u00e9quences sur le plan cardio-vasculaire et cognitif (fonctionnement du cerveau). \u00abC\u2019est le cas de 1 \u00e0 5 % des enfants selon les \u00e9tudes\u00bb, ajoute la pneumologue.<\/p>

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t< Retour aux interviews<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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10 octobre 2017 Interview du Docteur Xu\u00e2n-Lan Nguyen < Retour aux interviews Cliquez ici pour voir la vid\u00e9o L\u2019obstruction des voies respiratoires pendant la nuit est souvent li\u00e9e \u00e0 un […]\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":472,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-468","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archives"],"yoast_head":"\nInterview du Docteur Xu\u00e2n-Lan Nguyen - SFMDS Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise de M\u00e9decine du Sommeil<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sfmds-sommeil.org\/?p=468\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Interview du Docteur Xu\u00e2n-Lan Nguyen - 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